Interested in evolution and ecology of organisms’ external appearances, theoretical morphology, biosemiotics, and cross-cultural and cross-species perception. There is a simple question behind all that: How it is come about that organisms evolved opaque patterned surfaces and for what reasons different organisms look as they look?  His theoretical and empirical research focuses on a broad span of phenomena from cross-cultural perception of human faces to ecology of ultraviolet patterns on butterfly wings. His papers regularly appear within standard international scientific journals, book series, and other scientific media